Development of Biofiltration-Based Wastewater Treatment Technology and Smart Sensors

Abstract

The problem of wastewater pollution due to domestic activities and small industries is still a serious challenge in various regions, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Existing wastewater treatment technologies tend to be less efficient, expensive, and unresponsive to real-time changes in water quality. This research aims to develop a biofiltration-based wastewater treatment system integrated with smart sensors based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), with stages of prototype design, laboratory tests, sensor validation, and limited field tests. The developed prototype consists of a biological filtration medium (gravel, activated charcoal, coconut fiber) and a digital sensor module to measure water quality parameters such as pH, TDS, BOD, COD, DO, and heavy metals. The test results showed that the system was able to reduce BOD levels by up to 80%, COD by up to 77%, as well as increase DO and neutralize pH. The sensor system provides real-time monitoring with high accuracy. These results show that the technology developed is effective, cost-effective, and applicable for small-scale wastewater treatment. This research also supports the implementation of green technology and sustainable water management.